One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time.In a article, mentioned the application of 1081-17-0, Name is 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, molecular formula is C11H9NO3
Characterization of the cytotoxicity of selected Chelidonium alkaloids in rat hepatocytes
Phytomedicinal preparations containing extracts of the plant Chelidonium majus (Greater Celandine)have been used in the therapy of upper abdominal disorders. C. majus alkaloids (CAL)were suspected to be responsible for reported cases of liver symptoms including cases of acute liver failure in patients upon treatment with certain C. majus preparations. Based on these reports, a safe oral daily dose limit of not more than 2.5 mg CAL was established in the EU. However, C. majus extracts and individual CAL were not able to elicit similar adverse effects when given orally to pigs or rats. We found that CAL differ considerably in their cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes in culture. The cationic congeners chelerythrine, coptisine and sanguinarine were the most toxic ones (EC20 values ?2 muM)while the neutral congeners chelidonine, dihydrosanguinarine and protopine were less toxic, with a rank order of toxicity of coptisine > chelerythrine > sanguinarine > chelidonine > protopine > dihydrosanguinarine. Calculation of octanol-water partition coefficients revealed that the most cytotoxic CAL in hepatocytes were the cationic polar ones. At cytotoxic concentrations sanguinarine led to a marked decrease in reduced and oxidized intracellular glutathione while the much less cytotoxic dihydrosanguinarine did not. After glutathione depletion with menadione, CAL toxicity was only slightly enhanced. Comparison of the cytotoxic concentrations to reported liver levels in experimental animals suggests that the latter were too low to cause hepatotoxicity, probably due to an extremely low oral availability of certain CAL.
Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. Application In Synthesis of 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione, If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 1081-17-0, in my other articles.
Reference£º
Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem