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Delineating the possibilities for intramolecular interception of the squarate ester cascade through the use of metalated enecarbamates

Highly functionalized and annulated 2,4-cyclooctadienones are formed in a stereoselective manner by sequential treatment of squarate esters with a lithiated enecarbamate (six-membered ring or larger) and a cycloalkenyl-or 1-alkenyllithium reagent. The mechanistic details of this multistep process are presented. Particular attention is drawn to the step that involves intramolecular nucleophilic attack by a proximal oxido anion at the carbamate carbonyl and results in redirection of the cascade. This step is thwarted when five-membered cyclic enecarbamates are employed because of the excessive buildup of ring strain in the associated transition state.

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Some scientific research about 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione

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ALKALOIDS OF Corydalis paniculigera

The alkaloid composition of the roots of Corydalis paniculigera Rgl., collected in the flowering phase in the Alai range, has been studied.Chloroform extraction yielded 0.39percent of total alkaloids, from which were isolated wilsonirine, thalicmidine, coclaurine, stylopine, dihydrosanguinarine, sanguinarine, oxosanguinarine, adlumine, adlumidine, bicucculine, sibiricine, protopine, pancorine, and corunnine, and new alkaloids which have been called pancoridine (I) and pancorinine (II).The structures of (I) and (II) have been established on the basis of spectral characteristics and also the production of wilsonirine on their reduction in sulfuric acid.

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Archives for Chemistry Experiments of 5264-35-7

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Reaction Between Ethyl omega-Chloroalkylimidates and Hydrazides

It is already known that ethyl omega-chloroalkylimidate hydrochlorides and aroyl hydrazides gave, when reacted together in boiling ethanol, 2-aryl-5-omega-haloalkyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles.It has now been found that the reaction follows a different course in the presence of triethylamine.In particular, 2-aryl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazolo<5,1-a>pyridines were obtained from ethyl delta-chlorovalerimidate, whereas N-aroylaminoiminopyrrolidines are the products obtained from ethyl gamma-chlorobutyrimidate.A similar case, in which the closure of the triazole ring to obtain a dihydropyrrolotriazole was found to be more difficult than the corresponding closure to a tetrahydrotriazolopyridine, is described.Also the reaction between the imidates and carbethoxyhydrazine, which gives piperidine and pyrrolidine derivatives, is reported.

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Double-indole maleic imide derivative and its preparation and use (by machine translation)

Provides a double-indole maleic imide derivative and its preparation and use. The double-indole maleic imide derivatives have good tumor treatment, in particular to the curative effect of some drug resistant tumors, can realize these drug-resistant tumor for precise treatment. (by machine translation)

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SYNTHESIS OF PUKELEIMIDE A

A total synthesis of the 5-ylidenepyrrole-2-one pukeleimide A (3), a constituent of the marine blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula,is described.

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Archives for Chemistry Experiments of 1585-90-6

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Synthesis and in vitro efficacy of transferrin conjugates of the anticancer drug chlorambucil

One strategy for improving the selectivity and toxicity profile of antitumor agents is to design drug carrier systems employing soluble macromolecules or carrier proteins. Thus, five maleimide derivatives of chlorambucil were bound to thiolated human serum transferrin which differ in the stability of the chemical link between drug and spacer. The maleimide ester derivatives 1 and 2 were prepared by reacting 2-hydroxyethylmaleimide or 3-maleimidophenol with the carboxyl group of chlorambucil, and the carboxylic hydrazone derivatives 5-7 were obtained through reaction of 2- maleimidoacetaldehyde, 3-maleimidoacetophenone, or 3-maleimidobenzaldehyde with the carboxylic acid hydrazide derivative of chlorambucil. The alkylating activity of transferrin-bound chlorambucil was determined with the aid of 4- (4nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) demonstrating that on average 3 equivalents were protein-bound. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of free chlorambucil and the respective transferrin conjugates in the MCF7 mammary carcinoma and MOLT4 leukemia cell line employing a propidium iodide fluorescence assay demonstrated that the conjugates in which chlorambucil was bound to transferrin through non-acid-sensitive linkers, i.e., an ester or benzaldehyde carboxylic hydrazone bond, were not, on the whole, as active as chlorambucil. In contrast, the two conjugates in which chlorambucil was bound to transferrin through acid-sensitive carboxylic hydrazone bonds were as active as or more active than chlorambucil in both cell lines. Especially, the conjugate in which chlorambucil was bound to transferrin through an acetaldehyde carboxylic hydrazone bond exhibited IC50 values which were approximately 3-18-fold lower than those of chlorambucil. Preliminary toxicity studies in mice showed that this conjugate can be administered at higher doses in comparison to unbound chlorambucil. The structure-activity relationships of the transferrin conjugates are discussed with respect to their pH-dependent acid sensitivity, their serum stability, and their cytotoxicity.

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The synthesis of (+)-preussin and related pyrrolidinols by diastereoselective Paterno-Buechi reactions of chiral 2-substituted 2,3-dihydropyrroles

The N-alkoxycarbonyl substituted 2,3-dihydropyrroles 3 and 8 are converted to 2-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinols by the Paterno – Buechi reaction followed by hydrogenolysis. Since the addition of the photoexcited benzaldehyde at the unsaturated heterocycle proceeds in a syn fashion, the benzyl group at C-2 and the hydroxy group at C-3 of the product are cis oriented. The simple and facial diastereoselectivities of the Paterno -Buechi reaction were studied more closely and the relative configuration of the products was elucidated. The thermodynamically less stable endo product is formed as a result of simple diastereo-selection. The face differentiation in 2-substituted 2,3-dihydropyrroles is presumably due to the nonplanarity of these heterocycles, which forces attack of the carbonyl group on the face with the existing substituent. All-cis-pyrrolidinols are consequently formed after hydrogenolysis. Following this route, a total synthesis of the pyrrolidinol alkaloid (+)-preussin (1) was conducted, which yielded the target compound in a total yield of 11% over nine steps starting from L-pyroglutaminol (11).

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Through-bond energy transfer cassettes: Pyrene-bisindolylmaleimide dyads with large pseudo-stokes shifts

An energy transfer cassette was reported with energy donor (pyrene) and energy acceptor (bisindolylmaleimide) incorporated together. The pyrene and bisindolylmaleimide units are connected through carbon-nitrogen single covalent bond. The intramolecular repulsion prevents the coplanarization of pyrene and bisindolylmaleimide units, thereby forcing them act as independent chromophores centers. Upon photoexcitation, there exists highly efficient energy transfer from the pyrene (energy donor) to the bisindolylmaleimide (energy acceptor) unit predominantly through Coulombic coupling. At such a short separation, the orbital overlap (Dexter-type) interaction was completely isolated between chromophoric units by virtue of the orthogonal arrangement. Excited at 340 nm, PBM has similar emission quantum yield to bisindolylmaleimide and expanded the Stokes shift to 232 nm. Computational study for PBM was carried out based on DFT. Careful analysis of energy-minimized structure and frontier molecule orbitals support the efficient energy transfer in PBM. Favorable photophysical properties, such as efficient energy transfer, strong emission, and large Stokes shift make it an attractive functional molecule.

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Antiparasitic activity of certain isoquinoline alkaloids and their hypothetical complexes with oligonucleotides

The antiparasitic activity of two tetrahydrodiisoquinoline alkaloids 2, 3, beta-allocryptopine (4), protopine (5), and a substituted phenylethylamine 6 was studied. Compounds 2 and 6 inhibited the growth of the parasite Leishmania donovani. The capability of the examined compounds to bind DNA was estimated by molecular modeling. It has been shown that binding occurs in the small groove and primarily at the AT-enriched part of the oligonucleotide.

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Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding (S)-cis-N-methylstylopine 14-hydroxylase from opium poppy, a key enzyme in sanguinarine biosynthesis

Sanguinarine is a benzo[. c]phenenthridine alkaloid with potent antimicrobial properties found commonly in plants of the Papaveraceae, including the roots of opium poppy (. Papaver somniferum). Sanguinarine is formed from the central 1-benzylisoquinoline intermediate (. S)-reticuline via the protoberberine alkaloid (. S)-scoulerine, which undergoes five enzymatic oxidations and an N-methylation. The first four oxidations from (. S)-scoulerine are catalyzed by cytochromes P450, whereas the final conversion involves a flavoprotein oxidase. All but one gene in the biosynthetic pathway from (. S)-reticuline to sanguinarine has been identified. In this communication, we report the isolation and characterization of (. S)-. cis-. N-methylstylopine 14-hydroxylase (MSH) from opium poppy based on the transcriptional induction in elicitor-treated cell suspension cultures and root-specific expression of the corresponding gene. Along with protopine 6-hydroxylase, which catalyzes the subsequent and penultimate step in sanguinarine biosynthesis, MSH is a member of the CYP82N subfamily of cytochromes P450. The full-length MSH cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the recombinant microsomal protein was tested for enzymatic activity using 25 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids representing a wide range of structural subgroups. The only enzymatic substrates were the N-methylated protoberberine alkaloids N-methylstylopine and N-methylcanadine, which were converted to protopine and allocryptopine, respectively.

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