Extracurricular laboratory:new discovery of 3,4-Dibromo-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione

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Arylmaleimide Based Fluorescence On-Off Modulated by Ac 2O/HCl

In this contribution, a dye (HBM) with naphthalene and bisindolylmaleimide incorporated together was synthesized and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Weak emission of HBM was ignited by addition of Ac2O with the emission centered at 580nm. Moreover, the ignited emission can also be quenched by addition of HCl. A toggle-switchable “off-on” model can be established based on the reversible process. The underlying mechanism was proposed as esterification/hydrolysis reaction. Calculation of frontier molecular orbitals uncovers the reason for reversible ignition/quench fluorescence emission of HBM further.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,4-dimethyl-5,5-di(1- methylethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-dipyrrolo[3,4-d:2,1-f] [1,2]azasiline-1,3- dione and other pyrrolediones as new antibacterial active agents

The UV-light induced photosubstitution of 3,4-dibromo-2,5-dihydro-1H- 2,5-pyrroledione (2) [1] with pyrrole derivatives leads to 3-mono- and 3,4- disubstituted pyrrolediones depending on the starting material. These pyrrole homologues of arcyriarubin A (1) are further processed by nucleophilic substitution of the remaining bromine substituent with pyrrolidine. Cleavage of the protecting group affords the free pyrrole substituents. By UV-light irradiation the azasiline, system (6) is accessible, and its structure was established by X-ray methods. The in vitro antibacterial activity of the pyrrolediones was evaluated, and a strong activity of the compounds 4, 7, 8 and 12 against the methicillin- and ciprofloxacin-resistant bacterium Staphylococcus aureus 134/94 was established.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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Synthesis and post-polymerization modification of polynorbornene bearing dibromomaleimide side groups

We demonstrate that polynorbornene containing dibromomaleimide side group is a novel polymer platform for post-polymerization modification. Polymer P0 was obtained through ring-opening metathesis polymerization of monomer 2 by using Grubbs third generation catalyst. Subsequently, P0 was chemically modified with 1-butanethiol and benzyl mercaptan to generate P1 and P2, respectively. In this way, the dibromomaleimide units on polymer side chain were quantitatively converted to dithiolmaleimide moieties. All the polymer samples exhibited good thermal stability and relatively high glass transition temperature. Meanwhile, the effects of substituent and solvent on fluorescent properties of the polymers were elucidated.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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[3,4-a:3,4-c]carbazole compounds

A compound selected from those of formula (I): 1wherein: W1 represents, together with carbon to which it is bonded, phenyl, pyridyl, Z represents a group of formula U?V as defined in the description, Q1 represents oxygen, NR2 as defined in the description, Q2 represents oxygen, NR?2 as defined in the description, X1, X2, X?1 and X?2 each represents hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, mercapto or alkylthio, Y1, Y2, Y?1 and Y?2 each represents hydrogen, or X1 and Y1, X2 and Y2, X?1 and Y?1, X?2 and Y?2 with carbon carrying them, together form carbonyl or thiocarbonyl, R1 is as defined in the description, its isomers, and addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, and medicinal products containing the same which are useful in the treatment of cancer.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
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THE WAVENUMBERS OF C=O STRETCHING VIBRATIONS OF MALEINIMIDES

The infrared spectra in the region of fundamental C=O stretching vibrations in tetrachloromethane and chloroform were measured for 59 maleinimide derivatives.A linear correlation between the wavenumbers of symmetric and antisymmetric C=O stretching vibrations was found for a series of 102 experimental data obtained in both solvents.The slope of the nus(C=O) vs nuas(C=O) dependence as well as the degree of the vibrational coupling in imide system were discussed and compared with those for analogical five-membered cyclic 1,3-diketones.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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A bacterial quorum-sensing precursor induces mortality in the marine coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi

Interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria play a central role in mediating biogeochemical cycling and food web structure in the ocean. However, deciphering the chemical drivers of these interspecies interactions remains challenging. Here, we report the isolation of 2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ), released by Pseudoalteromonas piscicida, a marine gamma-proteobacteria previously reported to induce phytoplankton mortality through a hitherto unknown algicidal mechanism. HHQ functions as both an antibiotic and a bacterial signaling molecule in cell-cell communication in clinical infection models. Co-culture of the bloom-forming coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi with both live P. piscicida and cell-free filtrates caused a significant decrease in algal growth. Investigations of the P. piscicida exometabolome revealed HHQ, at nanomolar concentrations, induced mortality in three strains of E. huxleyi. Mortality of E. huxleyi in response to HHQ occurred slowly, implying static growth rather than a singular loss event (e.g., rapid cell lysis). In contrast, the marine chlorophyte, Dunaliella tertiolecta and diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum were unaffected by HHQ exposures. These results suggest that HHQ mediates the type of inter-domain interactions that cause shifts in phytoplankton population dynamics. These chemically mediated interactions, and other like it, ultimately influence large-scale oceanographic processes.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
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Functionalization of NaGdF4 nanoparticles with a dibromomaleimide-terminated polymer for MR/optical imaging of thrombosis

Herein, we report the development of a thrombosis-targeted molecular imaging probe with magnetic resonance (MR) and optical dual-modality capacity using dibromomaleimide (DBM)-bearing polymer-grafted NaGdF4 nanoparticles. The random copolymer of bisphosphonic ester (BPE)-P(OEGA-co-DBM) was first synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of oligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether acrylate (OEGA) and DBM-based monomers using a BPE-terminated RAFT agent. The resulting polymers were subjected to deprotection with the formation of bisphosphonic acid (BPA) terminals, allowing for the attachment of the as-synthesized BPA-P(OEGA-co-DBM) chains onto the surface of paramagnetic NaGdF4 nanoparticles through the ligand exchange reaction. Azide moieties could be readily incorporated into the hybrid nanoparticles by the coupling reaction between the highly reactive DBM moieties and amine derivatives. Intriguingly, the coupling reaction was characterized by a unique fluorescence turn-on even in aqueous media, which subsequently enabled the fluorescence imaging applications of the resulting hybrid nanoparticle. Furthermore, a single-chain antibody (scFv), which is specifically used for the active conformation of the GPIIb/IIIa integrin, was successfully attached onto the nanoparticles by a strain-promoted copper-free “click” reaction, allowing the targeting of activated platelets in acute thrombosis. The hybrid nanoparticles prepared through this new surface functionalization protocol possessed not only high colloidal stability under physiological conditions but also potential MR/optical imaging capacity. The thrombosis targeting capacity of the hybrid nanoparticle-based probe was then demonstrated by exploiting DBM conjugation-induced fluorescence in living cells.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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Development of a long acting human growth hormone analog suitable for once a week dosing

Human growth hormone was conjugated to a carrier aldolase antibody, using a novel linker by connecting a disulphide bond in growth hormone to a lysine-94 amine located on the Fab arm of the antibody. The resulting CovX body showed reduced affinity towards human growth hormone receptor, reduced cell-based activity, but improved pharmacodynamic properties. We have demonstrated that this CovX-body, given once a week, showed comparable activity as growth hormone given daily in an in vivo hypophysectomized rat model.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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Methods and Compositions for Increasing Antibiotic Activity

One aspect of the invention provides a method of inhibiting an efflux pump in a bacteria, the method comprising contacting the bacteria with 3,4-dibromopyrrole-2,5-dione, thereby inhibiting the efflux pump. Another aspect provides a method of inhibiting proliferation of a bacteria, the method comprising contacting the bacteria with 3,4-dibromopyrrole-2,5-dione and an antibiotic, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of the bacteria. Another aspect of the invention provides a method of increasing the efficacy of an antibiotic, the method comprising contacting a bacteria with 3,4-dibromopyrrole-2,5-dione and an antibiotic, thereby increasing the efficacy of the antibiotic. Another aspect provides a method of inhibiting development of antibiotic resistance in a bacteria, the method comprising contacting the bacteria with 3,4-dibromopyrrole-2,5-dione and an antibiotic, thereby inhibiting development of resistance to the antibiotic. Another aspect of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for treating a bacterial infection comprising an effective amount of 3,4-dibromopyrrole-2,5-dione in a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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CHEMICALLY-LOCKED BISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES

Provided are bispecific antibody compounds having the Formula I: wherein, FAB1, FAB2, and ?X? are as defined herein. The provided bispecific antibody compounds can be used a modulators of target molecules, including CD3, PSMA, CD19, CXCR5, CD33, PDL1, VEGFR2, cMet, or Axl, and are useful in the treatment of one or more conditions.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem