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The synthesis of (+)-preussin and related pyrrolidinols by diastereoselective Paterno-Buechi reactions of chiral 2-substituted 2,3-dihydropyrroles

The N-alkoxycarbonyl substituted 2,3-dihydropyrroles 3 and 8 are converted to 2-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinols by the Paterno – Buechi reaction followed by hydrogenolysis. Since the addition of the photoexcited benzaldehyde at the unsaturated heterocycle proceeds in a syn fashion, the benzyl group at C-2 and the hydroxy group at C-3 of the product are cis oriented. The simple and facial diastereoselectivities of the Paterno -Buechi reaction were studied more closely and the relative configuration of the products was elucidated. The thermodynamically less stable endo product is formed as a result of simple diastereo-selection. The face differentiation in 2-substituted 2,3-dihydropyrroles is presumably due to the nonplanarity of these heterocycles, which forces attack of the carbonyl group on the face with the existing substituent. All-cis-pyrrolidinols are consequently formed after hydrogenolysis. Following this route, a total synthesis of the pyrrolidinol alkaloid (+)-preussin (1) was conducted, which yielded the target compound in a total yield of 11% over nine steps starting from L-pyroglutaminol (11).

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

Archives for Chemistry Experiments of 1585-90-6

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Synthesis and in vitro efficacy of transferrin conjugates of the anticancer drug chlorambucil

One strategy for improving the selectivity and toxicity profile of antitumor agents is to design drug carrier systems employing soluble macromolecules or carrier proteins. Thus, five maleimide derivatives of chlorambucil were bound to thiolated human serum transferrin which differ in the stability of the chemical link between drug and spacer. The maleimide ester derivatives 1 and 2 were prepared by reacting 2-hydroxyethylmaleimide or 3-maleimidophenol with the carboxyl group of chlorambucil, and the carboxylic hydrazone derivatives 5-7 were obtained through reaction of 2- maleimidoacetaldehyde, 3-maleimidoacetophenone, or 3-maleimidobenzaldehyde with the carboxylic acid hydrazide derivative of chlorambucil. The alkylating activity of transferrin-bound chlorambucil was determined with the aid of 4- (4nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) demonstrating that on average 3 equivalents were protein-bound. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of free chlorambucil and the respective transferrin conjugates in the MCF7 mammary carcinoma and MOLT4 leukemia cell line employing a propidium iodide fluorescence assay demonstrated that the conjugates in which chlorambucil was bound to transferrin through non-acid-sensitive linkers, i.e., an ester or benzaldehyde carboxylic hydrazone bond, were not, on the whole, as active as chlorambucil. In contrast, the two conjugates in which chlorambucil was bound to transferrin through acid-sensitive carboxylic hydrazone bonds were as active as or more active than chlorambucil in both cell lines. Especially, the conjugate in which chlorambucil was bound to transferrin through an acetaldehyde carboxylic hydrazone bond exhibited IC50 values which were approximately 3-18-fold lower than those of chlorambucil. Preliminary toxicity studies in mice showed that this conjugate can be administered at higher doses in comparison to unbound chlorambucil. The structure-activity relationships of the transferrin conjugates are discussed with respect to their pH-dependent acid sensitivity, their serum stability, and their cytotoxicity.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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SYNTHESIS OF PUKELEIMIDE A

A total synthesis of the 5-ylidenepyrrole-2-one pukeleimide A (3), a constituent of the marine blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula,is described.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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Delineating the possibilities for intramolecular interception of the squarate ester cascade through the use of metalated enecarbamates

Highly functionalized and annulated 2,4-cyclooctadienones are formed in a stereoselective manner by sequential treatment of squarate esters with a lithiated enecarbamate (six-membered ring or larger) and a cycloalkenyl-or 1-alkenyllithium reagent. The mechanistic details of this multistep process are presented. Particular attention is drawn to the step that involves intramolecular nucleophilic attack by a proximal oxido anion at the carbamate carbonyl and results in redirection of the cascade. This step is thwarted when five-membered cyclic enecarbamates are employed because of the excessive buildup of ring strain in the associated transition state.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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Chemoenzymatic synthesis of prodigiosin analogues – Exploring the substrate specificity of PigC

Analogues of prodigiosin, a tripyrrolic pigment produced by Serratia species with potent immunosuppressive and anticancer activities, have been produced by feeding synthetic analogues of the normal precursor MBC to mutants of Serratia sp. ATCC 39006 or to engineered strains of Escherichia coli; in this way it has been shown that the prodigiosin synthesising enzyme, PigC, has a relaxed substrate-specificity. The Royal Society of Chemistry.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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Multicomponent reaction-based synthesis and biological evaluation of tricyclic heterofused quinolines with multi-trypanosomatid activity

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, which are caused by the trypanosomatids Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania species, are among the most deadly neglected tropical diseases. The development of drugs that are active against several trypanosomatids is appealing from a clinical and economic viewpoint, and seems feasible, as these parasites share metabolic pathways and hence might be treatable by common drugs. From benzonapthyridine 1, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for which we have found a remarkable trypanocidal activity, we have designed and synthesized novel benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridines, pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinolines, azepino [3,2-c]quinolines, and pyrano[3,2-c]quinolines through 2e4-step sequences featuring an initial multicomponent Povarov reaction as the key step. To assess the therapeutic potential of the novel compounds, we have evaluated their in vitro activity against T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania infantum, as well as their brain permeability, which is of specific interest for the treatment of late-stage HAT. To assess their potential toxicity, we have determined their cytotoxicity against rat myoblast L6 cells and their AChE inhibitory activity. Several tricyclic heterofused quinoline derivatives were found to display an interesting multi-trypanosomatid profile, with one-digit micromolar potencies against two of these parasites and two-digit micromolar potency against the other. Pyranoquinoline 39, which displays IC50 values of 1.5 muM, 6.1 muM and 29.2 muM against T. brucei, L. infantum and T. cruzi, respectively, brain permeability, better drug-like properties (lower lipophilicity and molecular weight and higher CNS MPO desirability score) than hit 1, and the lowest AChE inhibitory activity of the series (IC50 30 mM), emerges as an interesting multi-trypanosomatid lead, amenable to further optimization particularly in terms of its selectivity index over mammalian cells.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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HYDROXYALKYLAMINOALKYLTHIOXANTHONES

Novel, UV radiation hydroxyalkylaminoalkylthioxanthone photoinitiators are disclosed having a hydroxyalkylaminoalkyl group, which can be in the third conjugated ring at the ortho or meta positions thereof. The hydroxyalkylaminoalkyl group comprises a tertiary amine and at least one hydroxy group in proximity to one another such that the hydroxyalkylaminoalkylthioxanthone can increase the rate of polymerization of a photo-curable compound and the polymerized product can be formed into a cured film substantially free of extractable residues.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

New explortion of 2-(2,5-Dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)acetic acid

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Synthesis and in vitro testing of new potent polyacridine-melittin gene delivery peptides

The combination of a polyacridine peptide modified with a melittin fusogenic peptide results in a potent gene transfer agent. Polyacridine peptides of the general formula (Acr-X)n-Cys were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis, where Acr is Lys modified on its epsilon-amine with acridine, X is Arg, Leu, or Lys and n is 2, 3, or 4 repeats. The Cys residue was modified by either a maleimide-melittin or a thiolpyridine-Cys-melittin fusogenic peptide resulting in reducible or non-reducible polyacridine-melittin peptides. Hemolysis assays established that polyacridine-melittin peptides retained their membrane lytic potency relative to melittin at pH 7.4 and 5. When combined with plasmid DNA, the membrane lytic potency of polyacridine-melittin peptides was neutralized. Gene transfer experiments in multiple cell lines established that polyacridine-melittin peptides mediate expression as efficiently as PEI. The expression was very dependent upon a disulfide bond linking polyacridine to melittin. The gene transfer was most efficient when X is Arg and n is 3 or 4 repeats. These studies establish polyacridine peptides as a novel DNA binding anchor peptide.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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PLATINUM COMPOUNDS, COMPOSITIONS, AND USES THEREOF

The present teachings relate to compounds and compositions for treatment of cancers. In some embodiments, the composition comprises a platinum (IV) complex having at least one reacting group for reacting with a functional group on a protein, engineered protein, antibody, antibody fragment, peptide, agonist, antagonist, aptamer or ligand which may be capable of recognizing a selected target cell population, and/or derivatives/analogs/mimics thereof.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem

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Amphiphilic adducts of myrcene and N-substituted maleimides as potential drug delivery agents

The title drug delivery compounds with pharmacophoric moieties were synthesized, and their interaction with model biomembranes (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles) was examined.

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Pyrroline – Wikipedia,
1-Pyrroline | C4H7N – PubChem